Python加密与编码实现

编解码操作

Base64

import base64

encoded = base64.b64encode(b'hello').decode()  # aGVsbG8=
decoded = base64.b64decode(encoded).decode()    # hello

URL编码

from urllib.parse import quote, unquote

encoded = quote('hello world')  # hello%20world

Hex编码

hex_str = b'hello'.hex()           # 68656c6c6f
raw = bytes.fromhex(hex_str)       # b'hello'

哈希计算

import hashlib

# MD5
md5 = hashlib.md5(b'hello').hexdigest()

# SHA256
sha256 = hashlib.sha256(b'hello').hexdigest()

# 文件哈希
with open('file.txt', 'rb') as f:
    file_hash = hashlib.sha256(f.read()).hexdigest()

AES 加密

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend

key = b'0123456789abcdef'
iv = b'abcdef0123456789'
cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(key), modes.CBC(iv), backend=default_backend())

总结

Python 的加密和编码能力覆盖了安全领域的大部分需求。使用 cryptography 库可以获得工业级的加密实现。